Research on Local Ecosystem Cultural Services in the Jiangnan Water Network Rural Areas: A Case Study of the Ecological Green Integration Demonstration Zone in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Ecosystem cultural services (CESs) are crucial for rural revitalization and sustainable development. As research on monitoring mapping CESs continues to increase, there is a relative lack of perspectives that effectively combine spatial modeling techniques with the local context in areas. Rural areas China face challenges such as encroachment ecological service spaces displacement relocation their own characteristics during urbanization process. It enhance our understanding relationship between CES characterization locality. This paper established framework quantitative optimization We selected Ecological Green Integrated Development Demonstration Zone (EGIDZ) Yangtze River Delta subject, considering its representativeness Jiangnan Water Network Area integrated development across regions. The Maxent model was utilized integrate environmental variables locations services, facilitating evaluation CESs, well determining influence each variable. Additionally, K-means clustering employed analyze combination patterns. results indicated significant variations mean values distribution within category. natural environment, distance, human activities factors all exhibited effects shaping CESs. Furthermore, clusters were classified into three categories: CES-developed cluster, CES-developing CES-potential accounting 9.34%, 49.23%, 41.44%, respectively. Based these comprehensive findings, we provided insights optimizing